Artificial Intelligence: Europe’s R&D Strategy

Across Europe, governments have developed strategies and plans to stimulate and promote research and development (R&D) in artificial intelligence (AI) and its solutions.

Currently, six countries have officially announced their own AI strategies, budgets, and scopes. Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom have pledged investments, with Finland committing €200 million and Germany €3 billion. These countries plan to fund new AI-dedicated laboratories and research institutions. Some strategies focus on specific areas — for example, Italy emphasizes public services, while France prioritizes healthcare, transport, environment, and defense. Most countries also aim to attract AI investors and support the growth of innovative startups.

Some countries, although lacking a dedicated AI strategy, have launched broad digital agendas that frequently address AI. Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, and Spain are notable examples.

The situation varies across Europe. Some countries — like Estonia, Poland, and Austria — are expected to announce AI-specific development plans, while others — such as Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Switzerland — rely more heavily on private sector R&D.

The space sector is explicitly mentioned only in the AI strategies of France and Germany. The French Ministry of Defense invests €100 million annually in AI, including space applications. The UK has committed £93 million to robotics and AI for extreme environments, including space.